“Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry–II” is a thoughtfully designed and student-friendly book that presents the fundamental concepts of organic chemistry in a clear, simple, and systematic manner. The book aims to build a strong conceptual foundation by explaining essential topics with clarity, making it easier for learners to understand and apply the subject effectively.
The content covers important areas such as benzene and its derivatives, including their structure, aromaticity, and electrophilic substitution reactions. It further explores phenols, aromatic amines, and aromatic acids, highlighting their properties, reactions, and practical significance. Detailed explanations of stereoisomerism, including optical and geometrical isomerism, help in understanding molecular configurations and their implications.
The book also includes topics such as polynuclear hydrocarbons, cycloalkane stability, and fats and oils, discussing their synthesis, reactions, and applications. Emphasis has been placed on key theories and mechanisms to enhance conceptual clarity and support academic learning.
To strengthen examination preparation, each chapter incorporates review questions based on previous examination papers along with solved examples, enabling students to practice and gain confidence. With its structured approach and easy-to-understand language, this book serves as a valuable resource for mastering the core principles of pharmaceutical organic chemistry.
1. Benzene and its Derivatives
a. Analytical, synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of structure of benzene, Orbital picture, resonance in benzene, aromatic characters, Huckel‘s rule.
b. Reactions of benzene - nitration, sulphonation, halogenations reactivity, Friedel crafts alkylation- reactivity, limitations, Friedel crafts acylation.
c. Substituents, effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation of mono substituted benzene compounds towards electrophilic substitution reaction.
d. Structure and uses of DDT, Saccharin, BHC and Chloramine.
2. Phenols, Aromatoc
Amines, and Aromatic Acids
Phenols :
1. Acidity of phenols
2. Effects of substituents on acidity
3. Qualitative tests
4. Structure and uses of Phenol, Cresols, Resorcinol, Naphthols
Aromatic amines :
1. Basicity of amines
2. Effects of substituents on basicity
3. Synthetic uses of aryl diazonium salts
Aromatic Acids :
1. Acidity
2. Effects of substituents on acidity
3. Important reactions of Benzoic acids
3. Stereo Isomerism
Optical isomerism :
• Elements of symmetry, chiral and achiral molecules
• Optical activity, enantiomerism, diastereoisomerism, meso compounds
• D & L system of nomenclature of optical isomers, sequence rules,
• R & S system of nomenclature of optical isomers
Geometrical isomerism :
• Nomenclature of geometrical isomers (Cis & Trans, E & Z, Syn & Anti systems) Methods of determination of configuration of geometrical isomers.
4. Polynuclear Hydrocarbons
Synthesis, Reactions, Structures and Medicinal uses of :
• Naphthalene
• Phenanthrene
• Anthracene
• Diphenylmethane
• Triphenylmethane
5. Cycloalkanes Stabilities
Baeyer‘s strain theory, limitation of Baeyer‘s strain theory, Coulson and Moffitt‘s modification, Sachse Mohr‘s theory (Theory of strainless rings), reactions of cyclopropane and cyclobutane only.
6. Fats and Oils
• Fatty acids, fats and oils
• Reactions-Salt formation, halide formation, Hydrolysis, Hydrogenation, Saponification
• Rancidity of oils and Drying oils
• Analytical constants- Acid value, Saponification value, Ester value, Iodine value, Acetyl value, Reichert Meissl value
A book as per the latest syllabus given by Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) New Delhi
for B.Pharm students of all Indian Universities